![]() Repeated patterns and textures can also help to unify a design. The bullet that precedes each list item is a visual indicator that the bullet items are parts of a whole. An example of this concept at work among unmodified HTML elements is the bulleted list. Whether you notice it or not, repetition is often used in website designs to unify elements of the layout. The strokes to the right of this group have no repeated pattern, so they appear isolated even though there are other shapes nearby. Even though there exists other similar strokes, the nine red strokes on the left-hand side appear to be a unified group because they repeat a shape, color, and texture. ![]() The image example below illustrates repetition. In the same way, repetition of colors, shapes, textures, or similar objects helps to tie a web page design together so that it feels like a cohesive unit. Any time you bring a set of like items together, they form a group. In accordance with the rules of proximity, this heading appears to belong to that block of text.Ī gaggle of geese, a school of fish, a pride of lions. In the second column, the “Gnomenclature” heading is placed closer to the paragraph that follows it. The result is that it looks more like a separator than a heading for the next paragraph. In the column on the left, the word “Unkgnome” is equidistant from the top and bottom paragraphs. The only difference is in the placement of the headings. If you look at the two columns of text presented below you’ll notice that they look similar. By altering these values, I can cause more or less space to appear between elements, thereby creating groups. For instance, when I define the CSS style rules for sites, I usually change the default margin that exists between common HTML elements such as headings ( h1, h2, h3 …), paragraphs, blockquotes, and even images. ![]() We practice the concept of proximity on the Web when we start setting margins and padding for elements. While composed of a seemingly random assortment of strokes, the five strokes that are the closest to each other appear to form a unified object. Take a look at the digital painting just below. Placing objects close together within a layout creates a focal point towards which the eye will gravitate. Proximity is an obvious, but often overlooked, way to make a group of objects feel like a single unit.
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